Holistic Resilience Quantification Framework of Rural Communities

Communities need to prepare for anticipated hazards, adapt to varying conditions, and resist and recover rapidly from disturbances. Protecting the built environment from natural and man-made hazards and understanding the impact of these hazards helps allocate resources efficiently. Recently, an indicator-based and time-dependent approach was developed for defining and measuring the functionality and disaster resilience continuously at the community level. This computational method uses seven dimensions that find qualitative characteristics and transforms them into quantitative measures. The proposed framework is used to study the resilience of rural communities’ subject to severe flooding events. Harlan County in the Appalachian region is chosen as a case study to evaluate the proposed resilience quantification framework subject to severe flooding. The results show the validity of the proposed approach as a decision-support mechanism to assess and enhance the resilience of rural communities

Inteligencia emocional y trabajo colaborativo en estudiantes de primaria en una institución educativa pública, Chancay- 2023

La investigación abordó temas referidos a la inteligencia emocional y el trabajo colaborativo y tuvo como objetivo general determinar la relación entre la Inteligencia emocional y trabajo colaborativo en estudiantes de primaria de una institución educativa pública, Chancay- 2023, el enfoque metodológico corresponde al cuantitativo, el estudio fue de tipo básica, el diseño no experimental de nivel descriptivo correlacional transversal, para el recojo de la información se aplicaron dos cuestionarios uno para cada variable, mediante la técnica de la encuesta a 103 estudiantes de cuarto, quinto y sexto grado del nivel correspondiente, los instrumentos fueron validados por profesionales expertos, con grado de Maestro, quienes indicaron el consentimiento de aplicabilidad, así también se realizó la confiabilidad que fue realizada mediante una prueba piloto, con el estadístico Alpha de Cronbach que dio como resultados los valores de 0,713, para la inteligencia emocional y para el trabajo colaborativo 0,806. De acuerdo con los resultados encontrados en la prueba de hipótesis se determinó que hay una correlación positiva, significativa y alta entre la inteligencia emocional y el trabajo colaborativo, expresado en los valores del Rho de Spearman igual a 0,648, así como un p=0,000 <0,05. Con lo que se procedió a aceptar la hipótesis alterna y rechazar la hipótesis nula, infiriendo que si la inteligencia emocional mejora directamente mejorará el trabajo colaborativo en los estudiantes

Chemical abundances in giants stars of the tidally disrupted globular cluster NGC 6712 from high-resolution infrared spectroscopy

We present abundances of C, N, O, F, Na, and Fe in six giant stars of the tidally disrupted globular cluster NGC 6712. The abundances were derived by comparing synthetic spectra with high resolution infrared spectra obtained with the Phoenix spectrograph on the Gemini South telescope. We find large star-to-star abundance variations of the elements C, N, O, F, and Na. NGC 6712 and M4 are the only globular clusters in which F has been measured in more than two stars, and both clusters reveal F abundance variations whose amplitude is comparable to, or exceeds, that of O, a pattern which may be produced in M > 5M_sun AGB stars. Within the limited samples, the F abundance in globular clusters is lower than in field and bulge stars at the same metallicity. NGC 6712 and Pal 5 are tidally disrupted globular clusters whose red giant members exhibit O and Na abundance variations not seen in comparable metallicity field stars. Therefore, globular clusters like NGC 6712 and Pal 5 cannot contribute many field stars and/or field stars do not form in environments with chemical enrichment histories like that of NGC 6712 and Pal 5. Although our sample size is small, from the amplitude of the O and Na abundance variations, we infer a large initial cluster mass and tentatively confirm that NGC 6712 was once one of the most massive globular clusters in our Galaxy.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

The chemical compositions of solar twins in the open cluster M67

Stars in open clusters are expected to share an identical abundance pattern. Establishing the level of chemical homogeneity in a given open cluster deserves further study as it is the basis of the concept of chemical tagging to unravel the history of the Milky Way. M67 is particularly interesting given its solar metallicity and age as well as being a dense cluster environment. We conducted a strictly line-by-line differential chemical abundance analysis of two solar twins in M67: M67-1194 and M67-1315. Stellar atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances were obtained with high precision using Keck/High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer spectra. M67-1194 is essentially identical to the Sun in terms of its stellar parameters. M67-1315 is warmer than M67-1194 by ≈150 K as well as slightly more metal-poor than M67-1194 by ≈0.05 dex. M67-1194 is also found to have identical chemical composition to the Sun, confirming its solar-twin nature. The abundance ratios [X/Fe] of M67-1315 are similar to the solar abundances for elements with atomic number Z ≤ 30, while most neutron-capture elements are enriched by ≈0.05 dex, which might be attributed to enrichment from a mixture of asymptotic giant branch ejecta and r-process material. The distinct chemical abundances for the neutron-capture elements in M67-1315 and the lower metallicity of this star compared to M67-1194, indicate that the stars in M67 are likely not chemically homogeneous. This poses a challenge for the concept of chemical tagging since it is based on the assumption of stars forming in the same star-forming aggregate

Detection of submicroscopic infection with Plasmodium spp., using classical and molecular techniques in pregnant patients from Córdoba, Colombia

ABSTRACT: Gestational malaria affects both the mother and the development of her embryo or fetus. Rapid diagnosis and timely and effective treatment are required to prevent complications and deaths. Objective: To compare thick blood smear with nested PCR and real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for the diagnosis of submicroscopic infections with Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. Methodology: 21 women with clinical manifestations of malaria, including both pregnant and non-pregnant, were studied in Puerto Libertador, Córdoba, Colombia. Peripheral blood specimens were obtained from all of them; umbilical cord and placenta blood specimens were taken in the pregnant ones. DNA was extracted and amplified for nested PCR or qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis was done using Graphpad PRISM and EPIDAT softwares. Results: The three techniques were satisfactory for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in peripheral blood and in the umbilical cord and placenta specimens. Molecular tests were 100% sensitive and specific. Two submicroscopic cases of P. falciparum infection were detected with the two PCR techniques. Conclusion: qRT-PCR is advantageous over nested PCR because its standardization is shorter, it requires lesser infrastructure and it allows the quantification of DNA.RESUMEN: La malaria gestacional afecta a las madres y al embrión o feto en desarrollo; requiere diagnóstico rápido y tratamiento oportuno y efectivo para evitar las complicaciones y muertes. Objetivo: comparar las técnicas de gota gruesa, PCR anidada y PCR en tiempo real (qRT-PCR), para diagnosticar infecciones submicroscópicas por Plasmodium falciparum y P. vivax. Metodología: se estudiaron 21 mujeres con manifestaciones clínicas de malaria, incluyendo gestantes y no gestantes, en Puerto Libertador, Córdoba, Colombia; de todas se obtuvieron muestras de sangre periférica y, en las gestantes, de placenta y cordón umbilical. Se extrajo el ADN y se lo amplificó por PCR anidada y cuantitativa (qRT-PCR). Para el análisis estadístico se usaron los programas Graphpad PRISM y EPIDAT. Resultados: las tres técnicas diagnosticaron satisfactoriamente la presencia de P. falciparum y P. vivax en sangre periférica, cordón y placenta. Las pruebas moleculares presentaron sensibilidad y especificidad del 100%; dos casos de infección por P. falciparum no identificados por gota gruesa (submicroscópicos) se diagnosticaron con las dos técnicas de PCR. Conclusión: la qRT-PCR es ventajosa en comparación con la PCR anidada porque su estandarización es más corta, requiere menos infraestructura y permite cuantificar el ADN

18 Sco: A solar twin rich in refractory and neutron-capture elements. Implications for chemical tagging

We study with unprecedented detail the chemical composition and stellar parameters of the solar twin 18 Sco in a strictly differential sense relative to the Sun. Our study is mainly based on high-resolution (R ∼ 110,000), high signal-to-noise ratio (80

TRATAMENTO ENDODÔNTICO EM MOLAR INFERIOR UTILIZANDO TECNOLOGIAS ENDODÔNTICAS

The use of quality technologies and materials in endodontics helps the quality, effectiveness and precision of endodontic treatment. Successful treatment depends on the complete elimination of microorganisms responsible for the development of pulp pathologies. In-depth knowledge of root canal anatomy and excellent materials contribute to more effective and safer treatment. The purpose of this study was to endodontically treat a lower first molar with a periapical lesion using endodontic technologies and state-of-the-art materials such as the Wave One Gold® system, the Easy Clean® cleaning system and Bio-C Sealer® bioceramic cement.O uso de tecnologias e materiais de qualidade em endodontia auxiliam na qualidade, efetividade, precisão do tratamento endodôntico. O sucesso do tratamento depende da completa eliminação de microrganismo responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento de patologias pulpares. O conhecimento profundo da anatomia do canal radicular e matérias de excelência, colaboram para um tratamento mais eficaz e seguro. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar o tratamento endodôntico de um primeiro molar inferior com lesão periapical utilizando tecnologias endodônticas e materiais de última geração como o sistema Wave One Gold®, o sistema de limpeza Easy Clean® o cimento biocerâmico Bio-C Sealer®

Lack of transparency in reporting narrative synthesis of quantitative data : a methodological assessment of systematic reviews

OBJECTIVE: To assess the adequacy of reporting and conduct of narrative synthesis of quantitative data (NS) in reviews evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective comparison of a 20% (n=474/2372) random sample of public health systematic reviews from the McMaster Health Evidence database (January 2010-October 2015) to establish the proportion of reviews using NS. From those reviews using NS, 30% (n=75/251) were randomly selected and data extracted for detailed assessment of: reporting NS methods; management and investigation of heterogeneity; transparency of data presentation; and assessment of robustness of the synthesis. RESULTS: Most reviews used NS (56%, n=251/446), meta-analysis was the primary method of synthesis for 44%. In the detailed assessment of NS: 95% (n=71/75) did not describe NS methods; 43% (n=32) did not provide transparent links between the synthesis data and the synthesis reported in the text; of 14 reviews that identified heterogeneity in direction of effect, only one investigated the heterogeneity; and 36% (n=27) did not reflect on limitations of the synthesis. CONCLUSION: NS methods are rarely reported in systematic reviews of public health interventions and many NS reviews lack transparency in how the data are presented and the conclusions are reached. This threatens the validity of much of the evidence synthesis used to support public health. Improved guidance on reporting and conduct of NS will contribute to improved utility of NS systematic reviews

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe